IT Aphorisms

This is a list of aphorisms applicable to IT. In my career I had referred to them more than once.

March 8, 2025

Jesus visits the home of Martha and Mary

She came to him and asked, “Lord, don’t you care that my sister has left me to do the work by myself? Tell her to help me!” “Martha, Martha,” the Lord answered, “you are worried and upset about many things, but few things are needed—or indeed only one. Mary has chosen what is better, and it will not be taken away from her.”

The Bible, Gospel of Luke, chapter 10, verse 38.

December 30, 2024

Permanent temporary solutions

... nothing is so permanent as a temporary government program.

Tyranny of the status quo, 1984, by Milton Friedman and Rose Friedman

December 11, 2024

Truth is no barrier

Never let the truth get in the way of a good story.

Another quote by Mark Twain. Why not?

June 24, 2024

Keynes' Markets irrationality

Markets can remain irrational longer than you can remain solvent.

John Maynard Keynes. Though maybe apocryphal.

June 11, 2024

Golden hammer

If the only tool you have is a hammer, it is tempting to treat everything as if it were a nail.

Abraham Maslow. The Psychology of Science: A Reconnaissance (1966).

March 24, 2024

The Dunning-Kruger effect

... difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments.

Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1121–1134

November 12, 2023

Not simpler than necessary

Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.

Based on Albert Einstein's works, but unsure Einstein wrote it like that.

June 20, 2023

Perfection, by Saint-Exupéry

Perfection is achieved, not when there is nothing more to add, but when there is nothing left to take away.

Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

February 3, 2023

Make one thing well (UNIX philosophy)

Make each program do one thing well.

Douglas McIlroy, Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 57, No. 6, July-August 1978, page 1902

November 19, 2022

Repeated lies

If you repeat a lie often enough, it becomes accepted as truth

Apocryphally attributed to Joseph Goebbels

November 13, 2022

Leslie Lamport and distributed systems

A distributed system is one in which the failure of a computer you didn't even know existed can render your own computer unusable.

Email by Leslie Lamport in May 28th 1987.

November 9, 2022

The Peter principle

In a hierarchy, every employee tends to rise to his level of incompetence.

The Peter Principle, Laurence J. Peter and Raymond Hull, 1969-1970, Pan Books

February 13, 2022

Monkeys and bananas (and cold water)

In an experiment a group of monkeys are placed in a room with a ladder and on top of the ladder some bananas.

When a monkey tries to climb, all monkeys receive jets of cold water as punishment. Over time none of the monkeys climbs the ladder.

A new monkey is introduced, replacing one of the initial monkeys. When the new one tries to get the bananas, all monkeys in the group fight the daring monkey to prevent the cold water punishment.

The process is repeated: a new monkey is exchanged and all remaining monkeys teach the lesson (the hard way) to the new monkey; the other new monkey -that has never recevied the shower of cold water- also participates in teaching the lesson.

All monkeys are exchanged, and none of the original bunch remains. But the monkeys will not allow any newcomer to try reaching the bananas, despite they have not suffered the cold water punishment themselves.

Free interpretation of the investigations by Gordon R. Stephenson, Stephenson, G. R. (1967), Cultural Acquisition of a Specific Learned Response Among Rhesus Monkeys – In: Starek, D., Schneider, R., and Kuhn, H. J. (eds.), Progress in Primatology, Stuttgart: Fischer, pp. 279-288.

January 30, 2022

Goodhart's law

When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure.

Improving Ratings, Audit In The British University System, 1997, Marilyn Strathern

Monetary Relationships: A View from Threadneedle Street. Papers in Monetary Economics (Reserve Bank of Australia), 1975, Charles Goodhart

September 12, 2021

Conway's law

Any organization that designs a system (defined broadly) will produce a design whose structure is a copy of the organization's communication structure.

Originally submitted in 1967 as How Do Committees Invent? to Harvard Business Review, but rejected. Published in Datamation maganize in April 1968. See bibliography description by the author himself here.

September 4, 2021

The root of all evil

... premature optimization is the root of all evil (or at least most of it) in programming.

Computer Programming as an Art, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) 1974 Turing Award Lecture, Donald Knuth.

February 21, 2021

Robustness Principle (Postel's law)

... be conservative in what you do, be liberal in what you accept from others.

RFC 793

January 11, 2021

Rule of least power

... choosing the least powerful language suitable for a given purpose.

W3C, The Rule of Least Power, TAG Finding 23 February 2006

December 2, 2020

Gall's law

A complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that worked. A complex system designed from scratch never works and cannot be patched up to make it work. You have to start over with a working simple system.

General systemantics: How Systems Really Work and How They Fail, 1975, John Gall.